Battery can be any device that stores energy for later use. The word battery, is limited to an electrochemical device that converts chemical energy into electricity, by use of a galvanic cell. A galvanic cell is a fairly simple device consisting of two electrodes (an anode and a cathode) and an electrolyte solution. Batteries consist of one or more galvanic cells. A battery is an electrical storage device. Batteries do not make electricity they store it. As chemicals in the battery change, electrical energy is stored or released. In rechargeable batteries this process can be repeated many times. Batteries are not 100% efficient - some energy is lost as heat and chemical reactions when charging and discharging. If you use 1000 watts from a battery, it might take 1200 watts or more to fully recharge it. Slower charging and discharging rates are more efficient. A battery rated at 180 amp-hours over 6 hours might be rated at 220 AH at the 20-hour rate, and 260 AH at the 48-hour rate. Typical efficiency in a lead-acid battery is 85-95%, in alkaline and Ni-Cd battery it is about 65%.
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2. How do I identify my battery?
The first information to provide would be the make and model of the equipment that
you require the battery for e.g. Toshiba Satellite Pro 400, or Compaq Presario 1283.
There is also usually a label on the battery, and some of this information on the
label will help our sales team to identify your battery quickly. This information
includes the voltage of the battery pack (note: this is not the same as the voltage
on the power supply), the capacity of the battery pack
and the chemical construction of the battery pack e.g. Li-ion, Ni-MH or Ni-Cd.
This information can be used to ensure the information you have provided matches
the information we have about your battery. Many battery packs also have part numbers
on the label; this can sometimes be used to help identify the battery. We would
suggest that it is best to have all this information written down or close to hand
before you call our sales team. This will help us deal with your call in an efficient
manner.
Li-ion (Lithium Ion). This is one of the newest cell types available. It is also
the lightest battery type currently available on a commercial basis and can provide
more power than the other main cell types. There are no known problems of memory
effect with this battery type and it is the easiest battery type to care for. The
downside of this battery is that it has the highest engineering costs and therefore
the price is usually considerably higher than other cell types.
Ni-MH (Nickel Metal Hydride). This cell type is the most common cell type currently
available for laptop computers, (although Li-ion is rapidly becoming the most popular)
This battery type is relatively cheap to manufacture and therefore tends to be cheaper
than Li-ion. This cell type is prone to 'memory effect' so it is important to take
good care of your Ni-MH battery to ensure that you obtain the best runtimes.
Ni-Cd (Nickel Cadmium). This is one of the oldest cell types and is generally only
found in older laptops. The main pro for this cell type is its ability to handle
higher loads, and therefore is more commonly found in portable power tools or devices
that need a lot of power to work efficiently. The main downside of this cell type
is that it is notorious for suffering with memory effect so good care must be taken
with this battery to ensure most effective use of battery.
Battery run-time of a laptop is difficult to determine. Actual battery running time depends upon the power demands made by the equipment. The use of the screen, the hard drive and other accessories results in an additional drain upon the battery, effectively reducing its running time. The total run-time of the battery is also dependent upon the design of the equipment. Generally, a new Hi-Capacity battery will run 30% to 50% longer than the old battery did when it was new.
5. How to Maximize and Battery Performance?
It is recommended to condition (fully charge and discharge) the new battery few
times to allow it to reach its maximum rated capacity.
Condition the Ni-MH and Ni-cd battery at least once a month. It will reduce the
memory effect.
Use the battery at least once a month even it was kept in a dry and cool storage.
Clean the metal connector (the contact to the notebook, usually in color of gold
or silver) by alcohol or Electronics Cleaner Degreaser. It will maintain the good
conductivity. which improves the power conduction from battery to Notebook.
Fully optimize the Power Management features provided in system BIOS and Operating
System will also improve the battery performance. Consult the user's manual to fully
understand the usage of these features.
The life span of a Notebook battery is about 1.5 to 3 years operating under normal conditions. As rechargeable battery begins to die, the user will notice a decline in the running time of the battery.
7. How can batteries be connected?
Note: When interconnecting batteries (cells), they must be identical in voltage
and amp rating!
* Batteries may be connected in series. The positive terminal of the first battery
is connected to the negative terminal of the second battery; the positive terminal
of the second is connected to the negative of the third, and so on. The voltage
of the assembled battery is the sum of the individual batteries. The batteries are
connected: + to - to + to - to + to -, etc. The capacity of the battery is unchanged.
* Batteries may also be connected in parallel. The positive terminal of the first
battery is connected to the positive terminal of the second battery, the positive
terminal of the second is connected to the positive of the third; the negative terminal
of the first battery is connected to the negative terminal of the second battery,
the negative terminal of the second is connected to the negative of the third and
so on. The batteries are connected: + to + to + and - to - to -. In this configuration,
the capacity is the sum of the individual batteries and voltage is unchanged.
For example, (5) 6V 10AH batteries connected in series produces a battery array
that is 30 Volts and 10AH. Connecting the batteries in parallel produces a battery
array that is 6 Volts and 50AH. Ordinary auto batteries are designed in the same
fashion. Six 2-volt cells are arranged in series to produce a 12v battery. Many
Ni-Cd batteries are arranged in the same way.
V(olts): The voltage of the new battery should always match the voltage of the original.
mAh: It standards for milli-Amp hours (1 mAh=0.001Ah), High amp-hour ratings means
a longer run-time and will not cause incompatibilities.
Our Ni-MH chargers are fully automatic. Plug your charger into an A/C (or D/C power source for the Powered MH-C204F-DC) and place your batteries into the charger in matched pairs of two or four batteries to begin charging. Red lights indicate charging in progress. The lights will turn green when charging is complete and the charger will automatically switch to a trickle charge. The trickle charge will keep your batteries fully charged and ready for use. Refer to our Charger Manuals page for more detailed operating instructions for your model charger.
10. What is "Memory Effect"?Ni-Cd batteries, and to a lesser extent Ni-MH batteries, suffer from what's called the "memory effect". What this means is that if a battery is repeatedly only partially discharged before recharging, the battery "forgets" that it has the capacity to further discharge all the way down. To illustrate: If you, on a regular basis, fully charge your battery and then use only 50% of its capacity before the next recharge, eventually the battery will become unaware of its extra 50% capacity which has remained unused. The battery will remain functional, but only at 50% of its original capacity. The way to avoid the dreaded "memory effect" is to fully cycle (fully charge and then fully discharge) the battery at least once every two to three weeks. Batteries can be discharged by unplugging the device's AC adapter and letting the device run on the battery until it ceases to function. This will ensure your battery remains healthy.
11. What is a battery cycle?Cycle life is measured by the amount of times a battery may be charged and discharged. Every time a battery is charged and discharged, it uses one cycle. Cycle life is very important in battery applications such as laptop batteries and emergency light batteries. A Ni-Cd battery has a cycle life of 500-1000 or more cycles.
12. Does it really help to store batteries in the refrigerator?Yes, but only if they can be kept dry as well. The higher the temperature, the more the free flow of ions or self-discharge from the battery. Storing primary batteries (D's, C's, AA's, AAA's, 9 volt, etc.) in a cooler environment slows down this rate of discharge that all batteries experience even when not in use, hence a longer shelf life. However, if this is done, it is important that the batteries be kept as dry as possible by keeping them in an airtight container in the driest part of the refrigerator, the door side for example. Long-term exposure to moisture inside the refrigerator can cause internal corrosion to the battery. When removing batteries from the refrigerator, allow them to warm up to room temperature before using them in your device.
13. Can I use my older Ni-Cd battery charger to charge my Ni-MH batteries?No, you can use a newer Ni-MH charger to charge your old Ni-Cd batteries but you should not try to charge Ni-MH batteries with a Ni-Cd charger. Here's why: Ni-MH and Ni-Cd batteries are chemically very similar and when both are fully charged the battery voltage will start to drop. The Ni-MH voltage drop is much more subtle and more difficult to detect. Ni-MH chargers usually have an over temperature sensor and shutoff to prevent overcharge as well as a more sensitive voltage drop detector where Ni-Cd chargers usually only use the voltage drop to determine when to stop charging. If you charge Ni-MH batteries in a Ni-Cd charger it will probably miss the voltage drop and keep right on charging causing the batteries to overheat. Overcharging and overheating Ni-MH batteries can damage them internally and reduce battery life.